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View Full Version : Tolkien's Mythological Influences and Motivation


Periantari Andruil
August 25th,2003, 07:44 AM
How did Tolkien come to create such a classic mythology of Middle-Earth? Certainly he had the help of knowing many languages which helped him with names of his characters and geography, but he also was fascinated with stories like Beowulf, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight the Finnish Kalevala and Iceland's poem, Edda.

Beowulf and Kalvala can be considered the most influential out of the four stories.
Beowulf is a blend of historical events and Nordic legend. In fact, the Norse word Midgard can be used as an equivalent to "Middle-Earth".
From Beowulf, he incorporated some of the ideological conflicts present in this poem into his mythology. Learning Old English aided him in understanding this old poem which was written in AD 1000.
"Tolkien infused The Lord of the Rings with the physical and spiritual conflict evident in Beowulf."
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngbeyond/rings/myth.html#myth

In Kalvala The character, Vainamoinen, is reminiscent of Gandalf in Lord of the Rings...

All the works that influenced Tolkien had a poetic, thematic, and stylistic influence on Tolkien...

Also, it is interesting to note that one of the earliest poems that was one that is reminiscent of the story of Earendil, the sea voyager. That poem was called "The Voyage of Earendel the Evening Star."


"This notion of the star-mariner whose ship leaps into the sky had grown from the reference to Earendel' in the Cynewulf lines. But the poem that it produced was entirely orignal. It was in fact the beginning of Tolkien's own mythology."
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngbeyond/rings/myth.html#myth

It is very interesting to note the earlier literature that Tolkien wrote to have such a profound impact on his writing of the Silmarillion and Lord of the Rings...

One of his motivations for writing a mythology of his own was that he wanted a mythology for England.

After reading the Kalevala , he wrote:
"I would that we had more of it left--something of the same sort that belonged to the English." Carpenter, JRR Tolkien: A Biography

That was one motivation that urged him to start writing his great mythology, The Silmarillion.

Another one was that he wanted to create a mythology that was "passed down" to him from God... He believed that he was writing history when he was writing the Silmarillion therefore one can see it as a really Christian work.


"He wanted the mythological and legendary stories to express his own moral view of the universe; and as a Christian he could not place this view in a cosmos without the GOd that he worshipped."
Carpenter, JRR Tolkien: A Biography

So the inspiration Tolkien obtained from reading poems like Beowulf, Kalvala and others did serve as an influence to his storytelling in the Silmarillion and later Lord of the Rings...
and it's also interesting to note what motivated him to undergo this big writing project in the first place.... :)

HobbitFriend
September 12th,2003, 01:59 AM
wow! That's quite an essay, PA ! ;) Now i see how and why Tolkien was inspired to write The Lord of the Rings, and where he got some of his ideas for the story. It's amazing to see how something small, like a hobby, or a love for some other book or work can inspire people. But it's the people who take that inpiration and make something out of it who become someone. Then other people become inspired by them, and it's a chain reaction.

If you havn't noticed already, many Tolkien fans write. Some do it just as a hobby, while others have been inspired by Tolkien's books to write a novel of their own. And then some of those people have further dreams of one day becoming best-selling authors.

Growing up, the things in life that you experience and learn affect you. For Tolkien, his love of mythology and language, and of these works that PA mentioned, affected him. Tolkien used this knowledge in his writing and created his own unique world.

Periantari Andruil
September 20th,2003, 02:46 AM
Thanks HF, for responding (though my first post here did not mean to be an essay) =) :p

It is quite amazing... and also it is cool to realize how Tolkien effected future sci-fi and fantasy authors... no doubt he had influence on the authors of today...(which i think is a topic for another thread =)

it would be interesting to read Beowulf to see elements of that great work in Tolkien's... Beowulf has also influenced lots of folktales ...
maybe i'll write a paper about that in my Folktale class =) :p hehe

Frodo's Love
September 20th,2003, 11:26 AM
Beowulf is the next book I'll have to read. I've heard about so many references that I'm really curious what inspiration Tolkien got from it. There are so many myths and saga's to discover yet.

The book I read (in German, as I mentioned in the other thread) is called: "Tolkien: A Look behind the 'Lord of the Rings'", by Lin Carter (Ballantine Books, NY 1969). I can highly recommend it, for there is also some background information on Tolkien himself, his motivations and descriptions of different genres in writing.
It's perfect to get a first impression. :)

by HobbitFriend
If you havn't noticed already, many Tolkien fans write. Some do it just as a hobby, while others have been inspired by Tolkien's books to write a novel of their own. And then some of those people have further dreams of one day becoming best-selling authors. I have noticed that, and now I even belong to them. ;) I 've always loved to write, but fanfiction is something very new for me.
Tolkien's writing style goes straight to my imagination, and there are so many gaps that can still be filled. His story is amazing and "complete", but there are so many strains in the story that can create own imaginations about what could have happened.
(Hm. Sounds confusing... please ask if you don't get me, I have some difficulties to put that into fitting words.)

HobbitFriend
September 24th,2003, 11:39 PM
i see what you're saying, Niv ;) And as far as Beowulf goes, I get to read that next year for AP English! Whoohoo! My school English program is great like that: we read The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and Beowulf! :grin:
And I'm part of that "writers group" that I was talking about before, too. I started writing a little before I read The Lord of the Rings, but The Hobbit and LotR got me really interested in books, writing, and English in general :) His stories have given me ideas and motivation to write a fantasy of my own, even if it never gets published :)

Periantari Andruil
October 4th,2003, 08:25 AM
Thanks FL for the suggestion :thumbs:
i actually am interested in reading Beowulf since i am thinking of doing a research project on the Professor and his influences, specifically Beowulf... so that'll be a very interesting topic to indulge in :p
another idea i have might be discussing the folktale elements of LotR which would be exciting to write about as well :whoohoo:
(so glad i'm taking folktale class to indulge in talking about LotR) :p

hey i actually DID mention LotR in class lol but i'll save that for an MSN convo ;)

HF--keep up the writing and i'm sure i'll see your work someday ;) =) YOU too Niv! you're amazing as well! =) ;) :thumbs:

HobbitFriend
October 5th,2003, 05:04 AM
aw, thanks PA :) And yes, you'll see my work someday ;) When i'm finished with what i'm currently working on, then i'll let you see ;)

And as far as Tolkien's Mythological Influences go, well, he's really started this huge increase in the fantasy genre. I was reading something a while ago, and it said that around the time his first books came out, women didn't read science fiction or fantasy, but i think it was with The Hobbit (or maybe LotR -- one of the two) that it became "okay" for women to read fantasy. Now, with PJ putting Tolkien's amazing story on the big screen (and with some help from Harry Potter), fantasy is rapidly growing. :)

Periantari Andruil
November 18th,2003, 08:14 AM
I wonder if Tolkien's motivation had anything to do with his religion and spirituality? The Sil definitely has many themes of spirituality with the Elves' ethereal quality and the Valar being all powerful... also, the choice that Half-elvens have is interesting to note...
Since the Sil and many elements of LotR and the Hobbit have to do with his beliefs and elements out of mythology, i think it is also interesting to note his religious side of his life which was very important to him.

Lady Luthien
November 24th,2003, 10:28 PM
I don't know if this is relevant or not, but here goes: In the preface to the Silmarillion, Tolkien said that one of the main reasons he wanted to write LoTR was because he thought that the English language and its people did not have any great legends in their name, with the exception of of course the Arthurian Legends, which he described as being too lavish and repetitive, and based on English soil, and not the English people themselves. He wanted to write LoTR as an ancient English legend...one that could possibly be attributed to our language's modest supply of them. ;)

Periantari Andruil
December 1st,2003, 06:49 AM
Great point Lady Luthien! :thumbs:
yeah.. according to his biography by Humphrey Carpenter, i remember that being mentioned as one of his motivations for writing his mythology.

It's also interesting to note how many words from Beowulf inspired Tolkien's Lord of the Rings...
this is an interesting link to look at:

http://triode.net.au/~dragon/tilkal/issue1/beowulf.html

The chart of words relating the similarities is interesting to look at... an element to include in my paper about Beowulf and LotR similarities. :grin: